Introduction
Insects are living organisms, and a part of the animal kingdom. Insects are a class of arthropods, creatures that have a hard outer skeleton. They have a body that is can be said to be divided in three main parts, the head, abdomen and thorax, along with three pairs of jointed legs, a pair of antennae and compound eyes. Insects can be detrimental. Insects may damage crops by sucking out the sap. Insects diseases and fevers are very common and deadly in many parts of the world.
Insects are the most common disease vectors. The most common insect vectors, the insects diseases and illnesses caused by and their treatment is mentioned here. Mosquito is the vector for malaria, dengue fever and West Nile disease. It transmits these insects diseases and fevers by biting a healthy human. The mosquito bite injects infected saliva into the humans and insects diseases develop. The tsetse fly transmits a micro-organsism that causes African sleeping sickness in humans as well as cattle. Fleas are vector agents of plague in both rats and humans. Lyme's disease in which there is skin rash followed by paralysis is a disease for which ticks are the vector. Ticks may also cause fever and red urine, symptoms of an insect disease known as babesiosis. A very common disease of the Mediterranean countries, leishmaniasis, in which there is fever, damage to both liver and spleen as well as anaemia, is transmitted by an insect known as sandfly.
Insects diseases and illness in humans, due to advancement in the field of biology and pharmacology, can now be treated as well as prevented. Prevention is by reducing the exposure to the insect vectors that are responsible for the transmission of the pathogenic organisms into humans. Mosquitoes for example can be kept away by spraying DDT, getting rid of stagnant water ditches that are mosquito breeding places, and use of mosquito nets. Prevention of insects diseases and illnesses is also possible through vaccination. The medication and drugs that treat the illness vary from disease to disease. Insects may transmit parasites and bacteria. and so, the drugs available are anti parasitic and antibiotics. The drugs may also be used for prevention of insect diseases like malaria. These drugs are available at drug stores and pharmacies. Doctors prescribe antibiotics and anti parasitic drugs to people with insect diseases.
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Most insects hatch from eggs and go through metamorphosis, a part of the insect life cycle. They move from one place to the other chiefly by walking and flying, but they can also swim. Insects are both beneficial and harmful to humans. Examples of useful insects are the silkworms and the honeybees. Silkworm play a huge role in the production of silk where the bees make honey, a nutritious substance. Insects are also essential for the pollination of flowers and without insects the world would soon be deprived of plants, trees, crops, fruits and vegetables. Insects may also play the role of pests, destroy crops and cause disease to cattle and plants in addition to humans. Apart from medications, insecticides and biological pest control methods are used.
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